#266 Genetics Wrapped 2023

To celebrate the year coming to an end, we are reflecting back on the top genetics and genomics news stories during 2023. It’s hard to fit a year’s worth of genetics in one episode, let alone a half hour so we bring you this special double episode of DNA Today.    Our host Kira Dineen is joined by two leaders in genetics, Dr. Eric Green and Dr. Brendan Lee.    Dr. Eric Green Dr. Eric Green is the director of the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) at the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH). As NHGRI director, Dr. Green leads the Institute's research programs and other initiatives. He has played an instrumental leadership role in developing many high-profile efforts relevant to genomics. Dr. Green received his B.S. degree in bacteriology from the University of Wisconsin - Madison in 1981, and his M.D. and Ph.D. degrees from Washington University in 1987. Coincidentally, 1987 was the same year that the word “genomics” was coined. Dr. Green’s relationship with the Institute began long before his appointment as director. He served as the Institute’s scientific director (2002 - 2009), chief of the NHGRI Genome Technology Branch (1996 - 2009) and founding director of the NIH Intramural Sequencing Center (1997 - 2009). Prior to that, he played an integral role in the Human Genome Project. Dr. Green is a founding editor of the journal Genome Research (1995 - present) and a series editor of Genome Analysis: A Laboratory Manual (1994 - 1998), both published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. He is also co-editor of Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics (since 2005). Throughout his career, he has authored and co-authored over 385 scientific publications.    Dr. Green is a recurring guest on DNA Today, and he might hold the title as the guest who has been on the show the most times! He was featured on Episode #182 when we chatted about the Human Genome Project and the recent completion of the human genome sequence -- from telomere to telomere. Dr. Green was a panelist on the PhenoTips Speaker Series installment that our host Kira Dineen moderated about population genomics in clinical practice, this was also released on the DNA Today podcast feed as Episode #260. He was also on last year’s Genetic Wrapped episode (#214).  Dr. Brendan Lee As a pediatrician and geneticist, the overall mission of Dr. Brendan Lee’s research program is to translate the study of structural birth defects and inborn errors of metabolism into a basic understanding of development, disease and novel therapeutic approaches. In the area of metabolism, we have applied genetic approaches to the study of biochemical genetic disorders (specifically urea cycle disorders) as models of complex diseases (those involving nitric oxide dysregulation). This has led us to study the consequences of metabolic derangements broadly in the endocrine, cardiovascular, skeletal, renal and neurological systems. In the area of structural birth defects, we have studied paracrine and endocrine signaling pathways that regulate skeletal development including morphogens (TGF, Wnt and Notch), and extracellular matrix proteins and their modifications (e.g., collagen prolyl-hydroxylation) that contribute to the human skeletal dysplasias including brittle bone diseases and connective tissue diseases like Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. These developmental pathways have led us to ask how their dysregulation contributes to common diseases such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis and bone cancer.   The mechanistic discoveries of my laboratory research program are translated into the clinical arena via clinical research that is performed as part of the Skeletal Dysplasia Clinic and the Metabolic Disorders Clinic at Texas Children’s Hospital, respectively, and as part of two NIH rare diseases clinical research consortia (the Brittle Bone Disorders Consortium and the Urea Cycle Disorders Consortium). My clinical research program began with stable isotopic measurements in huma